Carotid dissection happens when there's a tear in the wall of the carotid artery, which lets blood seep into the arterial wall and form a hematoma. This can lead to reduced blood flow or even create a risk for thromboembolism, heightening the chances of an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks. Common symptoms include sudden neck pain, headaches, Horner’s syndrome, or various neurological deficits. It can be triggered by trauma, connective tissue disorders, or even occur spontaneously.
To diagnose this condition, doctors usually rely on CT angiography, MR angiography, or duplex ultrasound to get a clear view of the arterial wall and check for any flow issues. Treatment often involves anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy, while more severe cases or ongoing symptoms might require endovascular stenting or surgical repair. Quick recognition and treatment are essential to prevent a stroke and enhance long-term vascular health