Vascular Medicine Conference-CVC 2026

Claudication refers to the onset of pain, cramping, or fatigue in the lower limbs—most commonly the calves—that develops during physical activity and resolves with rest. This symptom is primarily associated with Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), where atherosclerotic changes lead to narrowed or obstructed arteries, thereby restricting blood flow to the working muscles. Insufficient oxygen delivery during exertion is the primary cause of discomfort. While the calf muscles are most frequently affected, pain can also present in the thighs, hips, or buttocks, depending on the specific location of arterial compromise.

The most common etiological factors include atherosclerosis, tobacco use, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough clinical evaluation, with additional assessment methods such as the ankle-brachial index (ABI), Doppler ultrasound, or angiography to evaluate the degree of arterial insufficiency. Therapeutic strategies focus on alleviating symptoms and targeting the underlying vascular pathology. Lifestyle modifications—such as smoking cessation, structured walking programs, and adherence to a balanced diet—are foundational. Pharmacological interventions may include agents to improve peripheral circulation, manage blood pressure, and control serum cholesterol. In advanced or refractory cases, endovascular procedures like angioplasty or surgical revascularization may be indicated.

Early management of claudication is essential for preserving mobility and preventing complications, such as critical limb ischemia. With comprehensive treatment and lifestyle adaptation, many patients experience symptom reduction, improved quality of life, and a decreased risk of serious cardiovascular events.