Vascular Medicine Conference-CVC 2026

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a medical condition arising from the narrowing or blockage of arteries, most frequently due to atherosclerosis, which impairs blood flow to the extremities. The legs are most commonly affected, often resulting in symptoms such as intermittent claudication (leg pain during walking), numbness, weakness, coldness in the lower limbs, and delayed wound healing. Importantly, PAD serves as an indicator of systemic atherosclerotic disease, elevating the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Established risk factors for PAD include tobacco use, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and advancing age.

Diagnosis of PAD typically involves non-invasive procedures such as the ankle-brachial index (ABI), Doppler ultrasound imaging, and occasionally angiographic studies. Laboratory tests may be conducted to assess contributing metabolic or hematologic abnormalities. Upon diagnosis, therapeutic interventions focus on enhancing peripheral circulation and mitigating the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Management commonly includes lifestyle modifications—cessation of smoking, structured exercise programs, and adherence to a diet conducive to cardiovascular health. Pharmacologic treatment may involve lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensives, and antiplatelet medications. Severe cases may necessitate revascularization procedures, such as angioplasty, stenting, or surgical bypass.

Effective management and prevention of PAD depend on early detection and rigorous control of modifiable risk factors. Routine medical surveillance, commitment to healthy lifestyle practices, and compliance with prescribed therapies significantly decrease the likelihood of complications, including critical limb ischemia and potential limb loss. Early and comprehensive care can preserve functional mobility, promote vascular health, and substantially improve patient outcomes.