Vascular Medicine Conference-CVC 2026

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) refers to an abnormal dilation or weakening of the upper portion of the aorta located in the chest. This condition often remains asymptomatic during its early stages. When symptoms do emerge, they may include chest or back pain, shortness of breath, or unexplained coughing. Established risk factors include hypertension, tobacco use, connective tissue disorders such as Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, atherosclerosis, and a family history of aneurysms.

Early detection is essential and typically achieved through imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or echocardiography. Without timely intervention, TAAs carry a significant risk of rupture or dissection, both of which are associated with high mortality rates.

Management strategies depend primarily on the aneurysm’s size and rate of expansion. Small, stable aneurysms are generally monitored through regular imaging and managed with lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic therapy targeting blood pressure and cholesterol control. In contrast, larger or rapidly enlarging TAAs often require surgical intervention, either via traditional open surgical repair or less invasive endovascular thoracic aortic repair (TEVAR).

With prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, patients can substantially reduce their risk of aneurysm rupture and enhance both survival and long-term cardiovascular health.