Oxidative stress happens when there's a mismatch between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's antioxidant defenses. When there's too much ROS, it can harm endothelial cells, trigger inflammation, and speed up atherosclerosis, which can lead to vascular issues like hypertension, peripheral artery disease, and coronary artery disease. Factors such as smoking, an unhealthy diet, and chronic conditions like diabetes can make oxidative stress even worse, raising the risk of cardiovascular problems.
To manage oxidative stress, it's important to boost antioxidant defenses and cut down on ROS production. You can do this by eating a diet packed with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, staying active, quitting smoking, and keeping chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension in check. Researchers are also looking into targeted therapies and nutraceuticals to help protect vascular health and lower the chances of long-term complications