Gene therapy represents a transformative strategy in the management of vascular diseases, leveraging the direct introduction of genetic material into target cells to promote repair, regeneration, or angiogenesis. By delivering therapeutic genes, researchers aim to stimulate the expression of growth factors, enhance endothelial cell function, and restore perfusion in conditions such as peripheral artery disease, myocardial ischemia, and chronic, non-healing wounds. This approach stands out for its potential to address the root molecular mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction, offering prospects for more durable and effective treatments compared to conventional therapies.
Current research is intensely focused on optimizing gene delivery systems. Delivery platforms under investigation include viral vectors—engineered for safety and targeting—plasmid DNA constructs, and nanoparticle-based carriers, each with unique advantages and challenges regarding efficiency, specificity, and immunogenicity. Although much of gene therapy for vascular disorders remains at the experimental or early clinical trial stage, emerging evidence indicates improvements in tissue perfusion, attenuation of ischemic injury, and acceleration of wound healing.
Ongoing clinical studies are dedicated to refining these delivery technologies, evaluating long-term safety, and developing protocols that maximize therapeutic benefit while minimizing adverse effects. As research progresses, gene therapy is increasingly positioned as a potential cornerstone of personalized vascular medicine, with the capacity to revolutionize the management of complex vascular pathologies.